基于Hyperworks的微型车车桥疲劳寿命分析与研究

驱动桥是汽车上主要部件之一,驱动桥的质量好坏会大大影响到车辆的安全使用。在车辆不断向高速、轻量、低能耗和高性能发展的今天,微型车车桥的安全性日益受到关注。本文以实体单元为基础,通过Proe软件对微型汽车车桥进行建模,利用Hyperworks对模型进行有限元模拟分析。在随机载荷下的对其疲劳寿命予以分析,并对驱动桥的疲劳强度进行了计算,得出了驱动桥的应力和变形分布。通过强度评价和疲劳寿命估算,验证了该车桥设计的合理性,为商用车车桥设计研发提供了参考。     

基于Pro/mechanica的某发动机三元催化器支架疲劳分析及优化

介绍了汽车发动机上三元催化器支架的重要性,说明了保证支架的疲劳寿命的必要性。针对此支架台架试验发生的断裂问题,利用Pro/mechanica有限元分析对支架进行疲劳分析,进而提出优化建议,并对优化后的结构再次进行有限元分析验证。     

海船船员疲劳分析及对策探讨

海船船员在船上工作而产生的职业疲劳对船舶的安全营运有着非常重要的影响,为此STCW公约中对船员健康适任中提出了相关要求,但是海员还是容易产生职业疲劳。文章分析了海船船员疲劳的成因、后果,提出了通过修改值班时间,改变作息制度,同时又不违反STCW78/95公约及其马尼拉修正案,从而更好地消除船员疲劳,降低海船事故发生的概率。     

PC梁中腐蚀钢绞线的疲劳断裂特征分析

文章借助试验对预应力梁中腐蚀钢绞线的疲劳断裂特征展开研究,通过观察腐蚀钢绞线钢丝断口形貌,分析了疲劳断裂机理和断口形态形成机理,具有一定的实用价值。     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.     

‘Only work and sleep’: seafarers’ perceptions of job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and their effects on work and life on board

Previous research on job demands in seafaring has focused on the effects of workload and circadian disturbance on seafarers’ health and fatigue. Taking a more comprehensive approach, this study identifies job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and explores their effects on work and life on board. Data came from 54 interviews with officers and crew on five cargo ships. Findings revealed job demands related to characteristics of the schedule, ports, and sea voyages; these were not only associated with workload and circadian disturbance, but also with the difficulty of the work, the ability to plan ahead, and intrusions from third parties. Job demands affected outcomes through two interconnected processes. First, job demands had direct and indirect effects on fatigue and the working climate on board. Second, potential positive effects of job demands (i.e. interesting work and pay) were related to motivation and, together with a good working climate, could reduce turnover. Connecting the two processes, a good working climate was pivotal in counteracting negative emotions and supporting motivation and collaboration. In this way, it functioned as a key resource. External constraints could either buffer or reinforce these effects.     

钢桥疲劳裂纹的扩展研究及寿命评估

钢桥的疲劳破坏是由于微裂纹在循变荷载作用下萌生、发展而来。文章利用损伤力学分析钢桥构件的微观裂纹和宏观裂纹的形态、特征及发展过程,建立有限元模型分析裂纹的发展状态,并通过数学模型评估了钢桥的剩余寿命。     

体外预应力加固重载铁路盖板涵试验研究

目前大秦铁路运输荷载日趋增加,桥梁的既有损伤不断加重,桥梁不断老化,破损。通过既有盖板涵承载力评估可知,盖板涵混凝土压应力已经超出规范要求。为了改善盖板的受力性能,提高盖板的承载能力,对盖板进行体外预应力加固。根据已加固盖板的室内静载试验和200万次疲劳试验,结合数据研究体外预应力的加固效果。结果表明,体外预应力加固可以大幅度提高盖板的承载能力,在正常使用状态混凝土压应力最大降低约32%。最后,根据力学理论推导体外筋应力增量计算公式,借助试验结果验证理论计算的准确性,为体外预应力加固的实际施工提供理论指导。     

核电站应急柴油机滑油泵螺柱断裂故障分析

本文通过一起核电站应急柴油机滑油泵螺柱断裂故障,从螺柱的抗疲劳设计、螺柱的材质分析等方面对螺柱断裂的原因进行分析。通过抗疲劳理论计算表明,螺柱抗疲劳设计满足要求,造成螺柱断裂的原因为螺柱制造质量存在缺陷。通过本文分析,为后续螺柱设计选型及安装检验提供参考。     

Fatigue life prediction of welded stiffened 350WT steel plates

The propagation of fatigue cracks under constant amplitude cyclic loading was studied in welded stiffened steel plates. The residual stresses in the stiffened plates were measured using the neutron diffraction strain-scanning technique. A finite element model of the stiffened plate was constructed to simulate the residual stresses by an uncoupled thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis. Both the finite element model and the neutron diffraction measurements indicated that in general the residual stresses were tensile near the welded stiffeners and compressive between the stiffeners and ahead of the starter notch tip. Fatigue testing indicated that the fatigue crack growth rates of the stiffened plates were in general lower than that of a corresponding unstiffened plate, especially near the notch tip where compressive residual stresses existed. Both the finite element method and Green's function predicted the fatigue crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy.